I am reading a series of books about the late 18th and early 19th century British Navy. In it the hero (a Richard Bolitho) is knighted, so people call him “Sir Richard”. Can a British citizen be elevated i.e. be made a “Lord”, or is that title strictly hereditary?
If so, how would this character be addressed, “Sir Richard Lord Bolitho”, or would people drop the “sir” and refer to him as “Richard Lord Bolitho”, or still refer to him as, “Sir Richard”?
Can a woman be knighted? (No, I don’t mean in that way … get your mind out of the gutter!

). If so, would her title be “Lady so-in-so"? If a woman can receive such a title, would her husband automatically be called “Sir somebody-or-other”?
And what the heck is a Viscount? Is that better or worse than a Count? And, where does a Duke fit into all of this?